Manikomycin bound to the Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunit

2026-07-29 REL PDBe INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY DATA_COLLECTION atom_site chem_comp_atom chem_comp_bond em_admin pdbx_validate_close_contact pdbx_validate_rmsd_angle _atom_site.auth_atom_id _atom_site.label_atom_id _chem_comp_atom.atom_id _chem_comp_bond.atom_id_1 _chem_comp_bond.atom_id_2 _em_admin.last_update EXPERIMENTAL_SUMMARY em_admin _em_admin.last_update DATABASE_REFERENCES citation citation_author em_admin _em_admin.last_update EXPERIMENTAL_SUMMARY citation citation_author em_admin _em_admin.last_update DATABASE_REFERENCES citation citation_author em_admin _citation.journal_volume _citation.page_first _citation.page_last _citation_author.identifier_ORCID _em_admin.last_update EXPERIMENTAL_SUMMARY citation citation_author em_admin _citation.journal_volume _citation.page_first _citation.page_last _citation_author.identifier_ORCID _em_admin.last_update PDBe PDBe 2025-06-05 2026-05-27 2026-05-27 2026-07-29 German Research Foundation (DFG) 152/772-1|152/774-1|152/775-1|152/776-1|152/777-1 Germany Manikomycin bound to the Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunit Kaur M Travin D Berger MJ Jangra M Morici M Safdari HA Guitor AK Koteva K Xu M Chen X Vazquez-Laslop N Mankin AS Wilson DN Wright G Dal2, PrAMP, Ribosome, Translation, Initiation, Nascent polypeptide exit tunnel, Cryo-EM, ANTIBIOTIC Kaur M Travin DY Berger MJ Jangra M Morici M Safdari HA Klepacki D Wang W Cook M Chou S Guitor AK Koteva K Xu M Ejim L Fiebig A Yousefi Y Coombes BK Macneil L Vazquez-Laslop N Mankin AS Wilson DN Wright GD A natural depsipeptide antibiotic binds the E-site of the bacterial ribosome. Nature UK 655 737 746 2026 42236948 doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10589-2 1476-4687 0006 NATUAS Wright G Kaur M Travin D Berger M Jangra M Morici M Safdari HA Klepacki D Wang W Cook M Chou S Guitor A Koteva K Xu M Ejim L Macneil L Vazquez-Laslop N Mankin A Wilson D A Natural Depsipeptide Antibiotic that Targets the E site of the Bacterial Ribosome. Res Sq US 2025 40630547 doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6925047/v1 2693-5015 9rfw FULLOVERLAP EMDB EMD-53943 associated EM volume

Manikomycin bound 50S ribosomal subunit Manikomycin bound 50S ribosomal subunit 0 9 10 11 1 6 27 28 7 8 2 3 29 12 30 13 14 15 16 4 17 18 31 19 20 21 32 33 22 23 24 25 26 5 Escherichia coli BW25113 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL36A Escherichia coli BW25113 0.00437739 1 LEVO MKVRASVKKLCRNCKIVKRDGVIRVICSAEPKHKQRQG P0A7Q6 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL2 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.029923619 1 LEVO MAVVKCKPTSPGRRHVVKVVNPELHKGKPFAPLLEKNSKSGGRNNNGRITTRHIGGGHKQAYRIVDFKRNKDGIPAVVER LEYDPNRSANIALVLYKDGERRYILAPKGLKAGDQIQSGVDAAIKPGNTLPMRNIPVGSTVHNVEMKPGKGGQLARSAGT YVQIVARDGAYVTLRLRSGEMRKVEADCRATLGEVGNAEHMLRVLGKAGAARWRGVRPTVRGTAMNPVDHPHGGGEGRNF GKHPVTPWGVQTKGKKTRSNKRTDKFIVRRRSK P60422 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.022291562 1 LEVO MIGLVGKKVGMTRIFTEDGVSIPVTVIEVEANRVTQVKDLANDGYRAIQVTTGAKKANRVTKPEAGHFAKAGVEAGRGLW EFRLAEGEEFTVGQSISVELFADVKKVDVTGTSKGKGFAGTVKRWNFRTQDATHGNSLSHRVPGSIGQN(MEQ)TPGKVF KGKKMAGQMGNERVTVQSLDVVRVDAERNLLLVKGAVPGATGSDLIVKPAVKA P60438 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.015343326999999999 1 LEVO MLQPKRTKFRKMHKGRNRGLAQGTDVSFGSFGLKAVGRGRLTARQIEAARRAMTRAVKRQGKIWIRVFPDKPITEKPLAV (4D4)(MS6)GKGKGNVEYWVALIQPGKVLYEMDGVPEELAREAFKLAAAKLPIKTTFVTKTVM P0ADY7 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL32 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.006463444999999999 1 LEVO MAVQQNKPTRSKRGMRRSHDALTAVTSLSVDKTSGEKHLRHHITADGYYRGRKVIAK P0A7N4 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL31A Escherichia coli BW25113 0.007887116999999999 1 LEVO MKKDIHPKYEEITASCSCGNVMKIRSTVGHDLNLDVCSKCHPFFTGKQRDVATGGRVDRFNKRFNIPGSK P0A7M9 23S rRNA Escherichia coli BW25113 0.941811562 1 GGUUAAGCGACUAAGCGUACACGGUGGAUGCCCUGGCAGUCAGAGGCGAUGAAGGACGUGCUAAUCUGCGAUAAGCGUCG GUAAGGUGAUAUGAACCGUUAUAACCGGCGAUUUCCGAAUGGGGAAACCCAGUGUGUUUCGACACACUAUCAUUAACUGA AUCCAUAGGUUAAUGAGGCGAACCGGGGGAACUGAAACAUCUAAGUACCCCGAGGAAAAGAAAUCAACCGAGAUUCCCCC AGUAGCGGCGAGCGAACGGGGAGCAGCCCAGAGCCUGAAUCAGUGUGUGUGUUAGUGGAAGCGUCUGGAAAGGCGCGCGA UACAGGGUGACAGCCCCGUACACAAAAAUGCACAUGCUGUGAGCUCGAUGAGUAGGGCGGGACACGUGGUAUCCUGUCUG AAUAUGGGGGGACCAUCCUCCAAGGCUAAAUACUCCUGACUGACCGAUAGUGAACCAGUACCGUGAGGGAAAGGCGAAAA GAACCCCGGCGAGGGGAGUGAAAAAGAACCUGAAACCGUGUACGUACAAGCAGUGGGAGCACGCUUAGGCGUGUGACUGC GUACCUUUUGUAUAAUGGGUCAGCGACUUAUAUUCUGUAGCAAGGUUAACCGAAUAGGGGAGCCGAAGGGAAACCGAGUC UUAACUGGGCGUUAAGUUGCAGGGUAUAGACCCGAAACCCGGUGAUCUAGCCAUGGGCAGGUUGAAGGUUGGGUAACACU AACUGGAGGACCGAACCGACUAAU(1MG)(PSU)(5MU)GAAAAAUUAGCGGAUGACUUGUGGCUGGGGGUGAAAGGCCA AUCAAACCGGGAGAUAGCUGGUUCUCCCCGAAAGCUAUUUAGGUAGCGCCUCGUGAAUUCAUCUCCGGGGGUAGAGCACU GUUUCGGCAAGGGGGUCAUCCCGACUUACCAACCCGAUGCAAACUGCGAAUACCGGAGAAUGUUAUCACGGGAGACACAC GGCGGG(PSU)GCUAACGUCCGUCGUGAAGAGGGAAACAACCCAGACCGCCAGCUAAGGUCCCAAAGUCAUGGUUAAGUG GGAAACGAUGUGGGAAGGCCCAGACAGCCAGGAUGUUGGCUUAGAAGCAGCCAUCAUUUAAAGAAAGCGUAAUAGCUCAC UGGUCGAGUCGGCCUGCGCGGAAGAUGUAACGGGGCUAAACCAUGCACCGAAGCUGCGGCAGCGACGCUUAUGCGUUGUU GGGUAGGGGAGCGUUCUGUAAGCCUGCGAAGGUGUGCUGUGAGGCAUGCUGGAGGUAUCAGAAGUGCGAAUGCUGACAUA AGUAACGAUAAAGCGGGUGAAAAGCCCGCUCGCCGGAAGACCAAGGGUUCCUGUCCAACGUUAAUCGGGGCAGGGUGAGU CGACCCCUAAGGCGAGGCCGAAAGGCGUAGUCGAUGGGAAACAGGUUAAUAUUCCUGUACUUGGUGUUACUGCGAAGGGG GGACGGAGAAGGCUAUGUUGGCCGGGCGACGGUUGUCCCGGUUUAAGCGUGUAGGCUGGUUUUCCAGGCAAAUCCGGAAA AUCAAGGCUGAGGCGUGAUGACGAGGCACUACGGUGCUGAAGCAACAAAUGCCCUGCUUCCAGGAAAAGCCUCUAAGCAU CAGGUAACAUCAAAUCGUACCCCAAACCGACAC(6MZ)GGUGGUCAGGUAGAGAAUACCAAGGCGCUUGAGAGAACUCGG GUGAAGGAACUAGGCAAAAUGGUGCCGUAACUUCGGGAGAAGGCACGCUGAUAUGUAGGUGAGGUCCCUCGCGGAUGGAG CUGAAAUCAGUCGAAGAUACCAGCUGGCUGCAACUGUUUAUUAAAAACACAGCACUGUGCAAACACGAAAGUGGACGUAU ACGGUGUGACGCCU(2MG)CCCGGUGCCGGAAGGUUAAUUGAUGGGGUUAGCGCAAGCGAAGCUCUUGAUCGAAGCCCCG GUAAACGGCGGCCG(PSU)AAC(3TD)A(PSU)AACGGUCCUAAGGUAGCGAAA(5MU)UCCUUGUCGGGUAAGUUCCGA C(5MC)UGCACGAAUGGCGUAAUGAUGGCCAGGCUGUCUCCACCCGAGACUCAGUGAAAUUGAACUCGCUGUG(6MZ)AG AUGCAGUGUACCCGCGGCAAGACGGAAAGACCCCGU(G7M)AACCUUUACUAUAGCUUGACACUGAACAUUGAGCCUUGA UGUGUAGGAUAGGUGGGAGGCUUUGAAGUGUGGACGCCAGUCUGCAUGGAGCCGACCUUGAAAUACCACCCUUUAAUGUU UGAUGUUCUAACGUUGACCCGUAAUCCGGGUUGCGGACAGUGUCUGGUGGGUAGUUUGACUG(OMG)GGCGGUCUCCUCC UAAAGAGUAACGGAGGAGCACGAAGGUUGGCUAAUCCUGGUCGGACAUCAGGAGGUUAGUGCAAUGGCAUAAGCCAGCUU GACUGCGAGCGUGACGGCGCGAGCAGGUGCGAAAGCAGGUCAUAGUGAUCCGGUGGUUCUGAAUGGAAGGGCCAUCGCUC AACGGAUAAAAGGUACUCCG(2MG)GGA(H2U)AACAGGC(PSU)GAUACCGCCCAAGAGUUCAUAUCGACGGCGGUGUU UGGCA(OMC)CUCG(2MA)(PSU)GUCGGCUCAUCACAUCCUGGGGCUGAAGUAGGUCCCAAGGGUAUGGC(OMU)GUUC GCCAUUUAAAGUGGUACGCGAGC(PSU)GGGUUUAGAACGUCGUGAGACAG(PSU)(PSU)CGGUCCCUAUCUGCCGUGG GCGCUGGAGAACUGAGGGGGGCUGCUCCUAGUACGAGAGGACCGGAGUGGACGCAUCACUGGUGUUCGGGUUGUCAUGCC AAUGGCACUGCCCGGUAGCUAAAUGCGGAAGAGAUAAGUGCUGAAAGCAUCUAAGCACGAAACUUGCCCCGAGAUGAGUU CUCCCUGACCCUUUAAGGGUCCUGAAGGAACGUUGAAGACGACGACGUUGAUAGGCCGGGUGUGUAAGCGCAGCGAUGCG UUGAGCUAACCGGUACUAAUGAACCGUGAGGCUUAACCUU 5S rRNA Escherichia coli BW25113 0.03879008999999999 1 UGCCUGGCGGCCGUAGCGCGGUGGUCCCACCUGACCCCAUGCCGAACUCAGAAGUGAAACGCCGUAGCGCCGAUGGUAGU GUGGGGUCUCCCCAUGCGAGAGUAGGGAACUGCCAGGCAU CP053605.1 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL33 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.006388631 1 LEVO MAKGIREKIKLVSSAGTGHFYTTTKNKRTKPEKLELKKFDPVVRQHVIYKEAKIK P0A7N9 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL34 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.005397463 1 LEVO MKRTFQPSVLKRNRSHGFRARMATKNGRQVLARRRAKGRARLTVSK P0A7P5 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL35 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.007313032 1 LEVO MPKIKTVRGAAKRFKKTGKGGFKHKHANLRHILTKKATKRKRHLRPKAMVSKGDLGLVIACLPYA P0A7Q1 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL5 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.020333611 1 LEVO MAKLHDYYKDEVVKKLMTEFNYNSVMQVPRVEKITLNMGVGEAIADKKLLDNAAADLAAISGQKPLITKARKSVAGFKIR QGYPIGCKVTLRGERMWEFFERLITIAVPRIRDFRGLSAKSFDGRGNYSMGVREQIIFPEIDYDKVDRVRGLDITITTTA KSDEEGRALLAAFDFPFRK P62399 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL9 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.01578902 1 LEVO MQVILLDKVANLGSLGDQVNVKAGYARNFLVPQGKAVPATKKNIEFFEARRAELEAKLAEVLAAANARAEKINALETVTI ASKAGDEGKLFGSIGTRDIADAVTAAGVEVAKSEVRLPNGVLRTTGEHEVSFQVHSEVFAKVIVNVVAE P0A7R1 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL13 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.016050606 1 LEVO MKTFTAKPETVKRDWYVVDATGKTLGRLATELARRLRGKHKAEYTPHVDTGDYIIVLNADKVAVTGNKRTDKVYYHHTGH IGGIKQATFEEMIARRPERVIEIAVKGMLPKGPLGRAMFRKLKVYAGNEHNHAAQQPQVLDI P0AA10 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL14 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.013565066999999998 1 LEVO MIQEQTMLNVADNSGARRVMCIKVLGGSHRRYAGVGDIIKITIKEAIPRGKVKKGDVLKAVVVRTKKGVRRPDGSVIRFD GNACVLLNNNSEQPIGTRIFGPVTRELRSEKFMKIISLAPEVL P0ADY3 50S ribosomal protein L15 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.015008470999999999 1 LEVO MRLNTLSPAEGSKKAGKRLGRGIGSGLGKTGGRGHKGQKSRSGGGVRRGFEGGQMPLYRRLPKFGFTSRKAAITAEIRLS DLAKVEGGVVDLNTLKAANIIGIQIEFAKVILAGEVTTPVTVRGLRVTKGARAAIEAAGGKIEE P02413 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL17 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.014393656999999999 1 LEVO MRHRKSGRQLNRNSSHRQAMFRNMAGSLVRHEIIKTTLPKAKELRRVVEPLITLAKTDSVANRRLAFARTRDNEIVAKLF NELGPRFASRAGGYTRILKCGFRAGDNAPMAYIELVDRSEKAEAAAE P0AG44 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL18 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.012794667999999999 1 LEVO MDKKSARIRRATRARRKLQELGATRLVVHRTPRHIYAQVIAPNGSEVLVAASTVEKAIAEQLKYTGNKDAAAAVGKAVAE RALEKGIKDVSFDRSGFQYHGRVQALADAAREAGLQF P0C018 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL20 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.013528024 1 LEVO MARVKRGVIARARHKKILKQAKGYYGARSRVYRVAFQAVIKAGQYAYRDRRQRKRQFRQLWIARINAAARQNGISYSKFI NGLKKASVEIDRKILADIAVFDKVAFTALVEKAKAALA P0A7L3 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL21 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.011586374 1 LEVO MYAVFQSGGKQHRVSEGQTVRLEKLDIATGETVEFAEVLMIANGEEVKIGVPFVDGGVIKAEVVAHGRGEKVKIVKFRRR KHYRKQQGHRQWFTDVKITGISA P0AG48 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.012253359 1 LEVO METIAKHRHARSSAQKVRLVADLIRGKKVSQALDILTYTNKKAAVLVKKVLESAIANAEHNDGADIDDLKVTKIFVDEGP SMKRIMPRAKGRADRILKRTSHITVVVSDR P61175 50S ribosomal protein L25 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.010713465 1 LEVO MFTINAEVRKEQGKGASRRLRAANKFPAIIYGGKEAPLAIELDHDKVMNMQAKAEFYSEVLTIVVDGKEIKVKAQDVQRH PYKPKLQHIDFVRA P68919 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL27 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.00914654 1 LEVO MAHKKAGGSTRNGRDSEAKRLGVKRFGGESVLAGSIIVRQRGTKFHAGANVGCGRDHTLFAKADGKVKFEVKGPKNRKFI SIEAE P0A7L8 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL28 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.009027550999999998 1 LEVO MSRVCQVTGKRPVTGNNRSHALNATKRRFLPNLHSHRFWVESEKRFVTLRVSAKGMRVIDKKGIDTVLAELRARGEKY P0A7M2 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL29 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.0072864639999999994 1 LEVO MKAKELREKSVEELNTELLNLLREQFNLRMQAASGQLQQSHLLKQVRRDVARVKTLLNEKAGA P0A7M6 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.006554819999999999 1 LEVO MAKTIKITQTRSAIGRLPKHKATLLGLGLRRIGHTVEREDTPAIRGMINAVSFMVKVEE P0AG51 A-site tRNA-Phe Escherichia coli BW25113 0.024469539 1 GCCCGGAUAGCUCAGUAGGUAGAGCAGGGGAUUGAAAAUCCCCGUGUCCUUGGUUCGAUUCCGAGUCCGCGCACCA P-site tRNA-Val Escherichia coli BW25113 0.024483572 1 GGGUGAUUAGCUCAGCUGGGAGAGCACCUCCCUUACAAGGAGGGGGUCGGCGGUUCGAUCCCGUCAUCACCCACCA Large ribosomal subunit protein uL4 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.022121566 1 LEVO MELVLKDAQSALTVSETTFGRDFNEALVHQVVVAYAAGARQGTRAQKTRAEVTGSGKKPWRQKGTGRARSGSIKSPIWRS GGVTFAARPQDHSQKVNKKMYRGALKSILSELVRQDRLIVVEKFSVEAPKTKLLAQKLKDMALEDVLIITGELDENLFLA ARNLHKVDVRDATGIDPVSLIAFDKVVMTADAVKQVEEMLA P60723 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL6 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.018932791 1 LEVO MSRVAKAPVVVPAGVDVKINGQVITIKGKNGELTRTLNDAVEVKHADNTLTFGPRDGYADGWAQAGTARALLNSMVIGVT EGFTKKLQLVGVGYRAAVKGNVINLSLGFSHPVDHQLPAGITAECPTQTEIVLKGADKQVIGQVAADLRAYRRPEPYKGK GVRYADEVVRTKEAKKK P0AG55 Large ribosomal subunit protein bL19 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.013159278 1 LEVO MSNIIKQLEQEQMKQDVPSFRPGDTVEVKVWVVEGSKKRLQAFEGVVIAIRNRGLHSAFTVRKISNGEGVERVFQTHSPV VDSISVKRRGAVRKAKLYYLRERTGKAARIKERLN P0A7K6 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL23 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.01122216 1 LEVO MIREERLLKVLRAPHVSEKASTAMEKSNTIVLKVAKDATKAEIKAAVQKLFEVEVEVVNTLVVKGKVKRHGQRIGRRSDW KKAYVTLKEGQNLDFVGGAE P0ADZ0 Large ribosomal subunit protein uL24 Escherichia coli BW25113 0.011339249999999999 1 LEVO MAAKIRRDDEVIVLTGKDKGKRGKVKNVLSSGKVIVEGINLVKKHQKPVPALNQPGGIVEKEAAIQVSNVAIFNAATGKA DRVGFRFEDGKKVRFFKSNSETIK P60624 Manikomycin Streptomyces rimosus 0.001205373 2 LEVO (DAR)(ORD)(DPN)T(DSG)(DAR)(DAR)TH ZINC ION Streptomyces rimosus 6.5409e-05 2 ZN MAGNESIUM ION 2.4305e-05 213 MG POTASSIUM ION 3.9098e-05 2 K water 1.8015e-05 65 HOH singleParticle cell 7.4 0.1 CH3COOK Potassium acetate 10.0 (CH3COO)2Mg Magnesium acetate 80.0 NH4Cl Ammonium chloride 50.0 C8H18N2O4S Hepes ETHANE-PROPANE TFS KRIOS FLOOD BEAM BRIGHT FIELD FIELD EMISSION GUN 300 0.3 1.0 GATAN K3 BIOCONTINUUM (6k x 4k) 40.0 1 483608 PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION 7K00 2.4 FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF RELION 5.0.0 251301 ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD emd_53943.map.gz 1 IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) 432 432 432 0 0 0 432 432 432 359.424 359.424 359.424 90.0 90.0 90.0 X Y Z -0.116669 0.22846258 0.00015851346 0.00529281 0.822 0.822 0.822 0.0166 AUTHOR ::::EMDATABANK.org::::EMD-53943:::: Manikomycin bound to the E. coli 50S ribosome emd_53943_msk_1.map emd_53943_additional_1.map.gz 1 IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) 432 432 432 0 0 0 432 432 432 355.104 355.104 355.104 90.0 90.0 90.0 X Y Z -0.012032084 0.045224477 0.000118720796 0.0015333944 0.822 0.822 0.822 AUTHOR ::::EMDATABANK.org::::EMD-53943:::: Refine 3D emd_53943_half_map_2.map.gz 1 IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) 432 432 432 0 0 0 432 432 432 355.104 355.104 355.104 90.0 90.0 90.0 X Y Z -0.020191047 0.05638379 0.00011764086 0.0021313545 0.822 0.822 0.822 AUTHOR ::::EMDATABANK.org::::EMD-53943:::: Halfmap 2 emd_53943_half_map_1.map.gz 1 IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) 432 432 432 0 0 0 432 432 432 355.104 355.104 355.104 90.0 90.0 90.0 X Y Z -0.020698825 0.056966618 0.00011798447 0.00213054 0.822 0.822 0.822 AUTHOR ::::EMDATABANK.org::::EMD-53943:::: Halfmap 1